Hybrid and Multi-Level Adaptive Governance for Sustainable Urban Transformations in the Global South: A Secondary City Case Study

The water governance crisis has critical implications for the transformation of cities through establishment sustainable management practices. Adaptive approaches, with their potential to address global challenges, are emerging in context South (GS). A key feature adaptive is its enabling context, or hybridized approach which bridges organizational and network activities across multiple implementation scales. Transforming urban toward practices requires flexibility agility, a willingness enable new ideas, features often associated smaller newer (secondary cities) less constrained than major cities. However, unpacking potentiality scope such secondary lead way transitioning remains under-researched. To this gap, qualitative study representative GS city (Mymensingh Bangladesh) was undertaken investigate whether national local strategies directed improving capacity municipality yielding transformations. We identified significant shift within regime that influences existing power dynamics decision-making delivery services. Within traditional state-led structure, builds both institutional actor capacity. these strongly dependent on (international) donor investment guidance, therefore presence absence support will likely determine impact future.